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Harvard Bibliography

Master bibliography page consolidating references used across the authority site.

Master bibliography

This page consolidates the site’s reference base and supports transparent evidence signposting throughout the patient and clinician hubs.

  1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline NG226. [Site reference item 1].
  2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2021) Chronic pain in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain. NICE guideline NG193. [Site reference item 3].
  3. Hunter, D.J. and Bierma-Zeinstra, S. (2019) Osteoarthritis. Lancet, 393(10182), pp.1745–1759. [Site reference item 4].
  4. Bannuru, R.R. et al. (2019) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 27(11), pp.1578–1589. [Site reference item 5].
  5. Kolasinski, S.L. et al. (2020) 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care & Research, 72(2), pp.149–162. [Site reference item 6].
  6. McAlindon, T.E. et al. (2017) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 25(11), pp.1889–1904. [Site reference item 7].
  7. Lin, I. et al. (2020) What does best practice care for musculoskeletal pain look like? Ten principles from a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(2), pp.79–86. [Site reference item 8].
  8. Cottrell, M.A. et al. (2021) Exercise therapy for lower limb tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 51(9), pp.1915–1940. [Site reference item 9].
  9. Martin, R.L. et al. (2024) Achilles pain, stiffness and muscle power deficits: midportion Achilles tendinopathy revision. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(12), CPG1–CPG32. [Site reference item 10].
  10. Mellor, R. et al. (2018) Exercise and load modification versus corticosteroid injection versus wait and see for gluteal tendinopathy. BMJ, 361, k1662. [Site reference item 11].
  11. Hopkins, C. et al. (2024) Plantar heel pain and fasciopathy revision clinical practice guideline. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(1), CPG1–CPG58. [Site reference item 12].
  12. Littlewood, C. et al. (2019) Rotator cuff disorders: a synthesis of systematic reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(20), pp.1244–1250. [Site reference item 13].
  13. Lewis, J. (2016) Rotator cuff related shoulder pain: assessment, management and uncertainties. Manual Therapy, 23, pp.57–68. [Site reference item 14].
  14. Page, M.J. et al. (2014) Manual therapy and exercise for rotator cuff disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6), CD012224. [Site reference item 15].
  15. Virta, L. et al. (2012) Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 13, 179. [Site reference item 16].
  16. Lucado, A.M. et al. (2022) Lateral elbow pain and muscle function impairments: clinical practice guideline. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 52(12), CPG1–CPG111. [Site reference item 17].
  17. Coombes, B.K., Bisset, L. and Vicenzino, B. (2015) Management of lateral elbow tendinopathy: one size does not fit all. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(11), pp.938–949. [Site reference item 18].
  18. Bisset, L. et al. (2006) Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow. BMJ, 333(7575), pp.939–944. [Site reference item 19].
  19. van der Windt, D.A. et al. (2023) Frozen shoulder. BMJ, 380, e072534. [Site reference item 20].
  20. Kelley, M.J. et al. (2013) Shoulder pain and mobility deficits: adhesive capsulitis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 43(5), A1–A31. [Site reference item 21].
  21. Bunzli, S. et al. (2017) Beliefs underlying pain-related fear and how they evolve. Pain, 158(6), pp.956–964. [Site reference item 25].
  22. Steuri, R. et al. (2017) Effectiveness of conservative interventions including exercise, manual therapy and medical management in adults with shoulder impingement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(18), pp.1340–1347. [Site reference item 30].
  23. Reiman, M.P. and Thorborg, K. (2015) Femoroacetabular impingement surgery is on the rise, but what is the next step? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(12), pp.758–759. [Site reference item 31].
  24. Grimaldi, A. and Fearon, A. (2015) Gluteal tendinopathy: integrating pathomechanics and clinical features. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(11), pp.910–922. [Site reference item 32].
  25. Crossley, K.M. et al. (2016) Patellofemoral pain consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(14), pp.839–843. [Site reference item 33].
  26. Collins, N.J. et al. (2018) 2018 consensus statement on exercise therapy and physical interventions for patellofemoral pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(18), pp.1170–1178. [Site reference item 34].
  27. Khan, K.M. and Scott, A. (2009) Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists’ prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(4), pp.247–252. [Site reference item 35].
  28. Docking, S.I. and Cook, J. (2019) Tendinopathy: is imaging telling us the entire story? Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 49(10), pp.672–675. [Site reference item 36].
  29. Brukner, P. and Khan, K. (2017) Clinical Sports Medicine. 5th edn. Sydney: McGraw-Hill. [Site reference item 37].
  30. Cook, J.L. and Purdam, C.R. (2009) Is tendon pathology a continuum? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(6), pp.409–416. [Site reference item 38].
  31. O’Neill, S., Watson, P.J. and Barry, S. (2015) Why are eccentric exercises effective for Achilles tendinopathy? International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(4), pp.552–562. [Site reference item 39].
  32. Scott, A. et al. (2015) Sports and exercise-related tendinopathies: a review of selected topical issues. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(9), pp.536–544. [Site reference item 40].
  33. Khan, K.M. et al. (2002) Time to abandon the “tendinitis” myth. BMJ, 324(7338), pp.626–627. [Site reference item 41].
  34. Naranje, S.M. et al. (2015) Iliotibial band syndrome. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 8(3), pp.352–358. [Site reference item 43].
  35. Matzkin, E.G. et al. (2019) Diagnosis and treatment of common knee injuries. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 27(7), pp.226–234. [Site reference item 44].
  36. Maffulli, N. et al. (2020) Current concepts review: insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Foot and Ankle International, 41(5), pp.556–568. [Site reference item 45].
  37. Bianchi, S. and Martinoli, C. (2007) Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System. Berlin: Springer. [Site reference item 46].
  38. Jacobson, J.A. (2018) Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier. [Site reference item 47].
  39. Beggs, I. et al. (2012) Musculoskeletal ultrasound technical guidelines. Insights into Imaging, 3(6), pp.685–692. [Site reference item 48].
  40. Finnoff, J.T. et al. (2015) American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(3), pp.145–150. [Site reference item 49].
  41. Daniels, E.W. et al. (2018) Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided intra-articular injection. PM&R, 10(8), pp.847–856. [Site reference item 50].
  42. Sibbitt, W.L. et al. (2011) Does sonographic needle guidance affect injection outcome? Journal of Rheumatology, 38(2), pp.340–347. [Site reference item 51].
  43. Hegedus, E.J. et al. (2015) Physical examination tests of the shoulder: systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(20), pp.1311–1321. [Site reference item 52].
  44. Smart, K.M. et al. (2012) Mechanisms-based classifications of musculoskeletal pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 28(6), pp.525–535. [Site reference item 55].
  45. Babatunde, O.O. et al. (2017) Comparative effectiveness of treatment options for plantar heel pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(3), pp.182–194. [Site reference item 57].
  46. Speed, C. (2014) A systematic review of shockwave therapies in soft tissue conditions. Clinical Rehabilitation, 28(12), pp.1156–1169. [Site reference item 58].
  47. Bliddal, H. et al. (2024) Effectiveness and safety of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 16, 1–13. [Site reference item 59].
  48. Conaghan, P.G. et al. (2018) A multicentre, randomised trial of a single intra-articular injection of non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26(8), pp.1050–1057. [Site reference item 60].
  49. McCabe, P.S. et al. (2016) Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7), CD005328. [Site reference item 61].
  50. Jüni, P. et al. (2015) Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(3), pp.180–191. [Site reference item 62].
  51. Kongsgaard, M. et al. (2009) Corticosteroid injections, eccentric decline squat training and heavy slow resistance for patellar tendinopathy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(6), pp.790–802. [Site reference item 63].
  52. Malliaras, P. et al. (2013) Achilles and patellar tendinopathy loading programmes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(4), pp.209–215. [Site reference item 64].
  53. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline NG226. [Site reference item 65].
  54. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2021) Chronic pain in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain. NICE guideline NG193. [Site reference item 67].
  55. Hunter, D.J. and Bierma-Zeinstra, S. (2019) Osteoarthritis. Lancet, 393(10182), pp.1745–1759. [Site reference item 68].
  56. Bannuru, R.R. et al. (2019) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 27(11), pp.1578–1589. [Site reference item 69].
  57. Kolasinski, S.L. et al. (2020) 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care & Research, 72(2), pp.149–162. [Site reference item 70].
  58. McAlindon, T.E. et al. (2017) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 25(11), pp.1889–1904. [Site reference item 71].
  59. Lin, I. et al. (2020) What does best practice care for musculoskeletal pain look like? Ten principles from a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(2), pp.79–86. [Site reference item 72].
  60. Cottrell, M.A. et al. (2021) Exercise therapy for lower limb tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 51(9), pp.1915–1940. [Site reference item 73].
  61. Martin, R.L. et al. (2024) Achilles pain, stiffness and muscle power deficits: midportion Achilles tendinopathy revision. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(12), CPG1–CPG32. [Site reference item 74].
  62. Mellor, R. et al. (2018) Exercise and load modification versus corticosteroid injection versus wait and see for gluteal tendinopathy. BMJ, 361, k1662. [Site reference item 75].
  63. Hopkins, C. et al. (2024) Plantar heel pain and fasciopathy revision clinical practice guideline. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(1), CPG1–CPG58. [Site reference item 76].
  64. Littlewood, C. et al. (2019) Rotator cuff disorders: a synthesis of systematic reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(20), pp.1244–1250. [Site reference item 77].
  65. Lewis, J. (2016) Rotator cuff related shoulder pain: assessment, management and uncertainties. Manual Therapy, 23, pp.57–68. [Site reference item 78].
  66. Page, M.J. et al. (2014) Manual therapy and exercise for rotator cuff disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6), CD012224. [Site reference item 79].
  67. Virta, L. et al. (2012) Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 13, 179. [Site reference item 80].
  68. Lucado, A.M. et al. (2022) Lateral elbow pain and muscle function impairments: clinical practice guideline. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 52(12), CPG1–CPG111. [Site reference item 81].
  69. Coombes, B.K., Bisset, L. and Vicenzino, B. (2015) Management of lateral elbow tendinopathy: one size does not fit all. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(11), pp.938–949. [Site reference item 82].
  70. Bisset, L. et al. (2006) Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow. BMJ, 333(7575), pp.939–944. [Site reference item 83].
  71. van der Windt, D.A. et al. (2023) Frozen shoulder. BMJ, 380, e072534. [Site reference item 84].
  72. Kelley, M.J. et al. (2013) Shoulder pain and mobility deficits: adhesive capsulitis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 43(5), A1–A31. [Site reference item 85].
  73. Bunzli, S. et al. (2017) Beliefs underlying pain-related fear and how they evolve. Pain, 158(6), pp.956–964. [Site reference item 89].
  74. Steuri, R. et al. (2017) Effectiveness of conservative interventions including exercise, manual therapy and medical management in adults with shoulder impingement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(18), pp.1340–1347. [Site reference item 94].
  75. Reiman, M.P. and Thorborg, K. (2015) Femoroacetabular impingement surgery is on the rise, but what is the next step? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(12), pp.758–759. [Site reference item 95].
  76. Grimaldi, A. and Fearon, A. (2015) Gluteal tendinopathy: integrating pathomechanics and clinical features. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(11), pp.910–922. [Site reference item 96].
  77. Crossley, K.M. et al. (2016) Patellofemoral pain consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(14), pp.839–843. [Site reference item 97].
  78. Collins, N.J. et al. (2018) 2018 consensus statement on exercise therapy and physical interventions for patellofemoral pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(18), pp.1170–1178. [Site reference item 98].
  79. Khan, K.M. and Scott, A. (2009) Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists’ prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(4), pp.247–252. [Site reference item 99].
  80. Docking, S.I. and Cook, J. (2019) Tendinopathy: is imaging telling us the entire story? Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 49(10), pp.672–675. [Site reference item 100].
  81. Brukner, P. and Khan, K. (2017) Clinical Sports Medicine. 5th edn. Sydney: McGraw-Hill. [Site reference item 101].
  82. Cook, J.L. and Purdam, C.R. (2009) Is tendon pathology a continuum? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(6), pp.409–416. [Site reference item 102].
  83. O’Neill, S., Watson, P.J. and Barry, S. (2015) Why are eccentric exercises effective for Achilles tendinopathy? International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(4), pp.552–562. [Site reference item 103].
  84. Scott, A. et al. (2015) Sports and exercise-related tendinopathies: a review of selected topical issues. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(9), pp.536–544. [Site reference item 104].
  85. Khan, K.M. et al. (2002) Time to abandon the “tendinitis” myth. BMJ, 324(7338), pp.626–627. [Site reference item 105].
  86. Naranje, S.M. et al. (2015) Iliotibial band syndrome. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 8(3), pp.352–358. [Site reference item 107].
  87. Matzkin, E.G. et al. (2019) Diagnosis and treatment of common knee injuries. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 27(7), pp.226–234. [Site reference item 108].
  88. Maffulli, N. et al. (2020) Current concepts review: insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Foot and Ankle International, 41(5), pp.556–568. [Site reference item 109].
  89. Bianchi, S. and Martinoli, C. (2007) Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System. Berlin: Springer. [Site reference item 110].
  90. Jacobson, J.A. (2018) Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier. [Site reference item 111].
  91. Beggs, I. et al. (2012) Musculoskeletal ultrasound technical guidelines. Insights into Imaging, 3(6), pp.685–692. [Site reference item 112].
  92. Finnoff, J.T. et al. (2015) American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(3), pp.145–150. [Site reference item 113].
  93. Daniels, E.W. et al. (2018) Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided intra-articular injection. PM&R, 10(8), pp.847–856. [Site reference item 114].
  94. Sibbitt, W.L. et al. (2011) Does sonographic needle guidance affect injection outcome? Journal of Rheumatology, 38(2), pp.340–347. [Site reference item 115].
  95. Hegedus, E.J. et al. (2015) Physical examination tests of the shoulder: systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(20), pp.1311–1321. [Site reference item 116].
  96. Smart, K.M. et al. (2012) Mechanisms-based classifications of musculoskeletal pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 28(6), pp.525–535. [Site reference item 119].
  97. Babatunde, O.O. et al. (2017) Comparative effectiveness of treatment options for plantar heel pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(3), pp.182–194. [Site reference item 121].
  98. Speed, C. (2014) A systematic review of shockwave therapies in soft tissue conditions. Clinical Rehabilitation, 28(12), pp.1156–1169. [Site reference item 122].
  99. Bliddal, H. et al. (2024) Effectiveness and safety of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 16, 1–13. [Site reference item 123].
  100. Conaghan, P.G. et al. (2018) A multicentre, randomised trial of a single intra-articular injection of non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26(8), pp.1050–1057. [Site reference item 124].
  101. McCabe, P.S. et al. (2016) Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7), CD005328. [Site reference item 125].
  102. Jüni, P. et al. (2015) Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(3), pp.180–191. [Site reference item 126].
  103. Kongsgaard, M. et al. (2009) Corticosteroid injections, eccentric decline squat training and heavy slow resistance for patellar tendinopathy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(6), pp.790–802. [Site reference item 127].
  104. Malliaras, P. et al. (2013) Achilles and patellar tendinopathy loading programmes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(4), pp.209–215. [Site reference item 128].
  105. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline NG226. [Site reference item 129].
  106. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2021) Chronic pain in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain. NICE guideline NG193. [Site reference item 131].
  107. Hunter, D.J. and Bierma-Zeinstra, S. (2019) Osteoarthritis. Lancet, 393(10182), pp.1745–1759. [Site reference item 132].
  108. Bannuru, R.R. et al. (2019) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 27(11), pp.1578–1589. [Site reference item 133].
  109. Kolasinski, S.L. et al. (2020) 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care & Research, 72(2), pp.149–162. [Site reference item 134].
  110. McAlindon, T.E. et al. (2017) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 25(11), pp.1889–1904. [Site reference item 135].
  111. Lin, I. et al. (2020) What does best practice care for musculoskeletal pain look like? Ten principles from a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(2), pp.79–86. [Site reference item 136].
  112. Cottrell, M.A. et al. (2021) Exercise therapy for lower limb tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 51(9), pp.1915–1940. [Site reference item 137].
  113. Martin, R.L. et al. (2024) Achilles pain, stiffness and muscle power deficits: midportion Achilles tendinopathy revision. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(12), CPG1–CPG32. [Site reference item 138].
  114. Mellor, R. et al. (2018) Exercise and load modification versus corticosteroid injection versus wait and see for gluteal tendinopathy. BMJ, 361, k1662. [Site reference item 139].
  115. Hopkins, C. et al. (2024) Plantar heel pain and fasciopathy revision clinical practice guideline. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(1), CPG1–CPG58. [Site reference item 140].
  116. Littlewood, C. et al. (2019) Rotator cuff disorders: a synthesis of systematic reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(20), pp.1244–1250. [Site reference item 141].
  117. Lewis, J. (2016) Rotator cuff related shoulder pain: assessment, management and uncertainties. Manual Therapy, 23, pp.57–68. [Site reference item 142].
  118. Page, M.J. et al. (2014) Manual therapy and exercise for rotator cuff disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6), CD012224. [Site reference item 143].
  119. Virta, L. et al. (2012) Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 13, 179. [Site reference item 144].
  120. Lucado, A.M. et al. (2022) Lateral elbow pain and muscle function impairments: clinical practice guideline. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 52(12), CPG1–CPG111. [Site reference item 145].
  121. Coombes, B.K., Bisset, L. and Vicenzino, B. (2015) Management of lateral elbow tendinopathy: one size does not fit all. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(11), pp.938–949. [Site reference item 146].
  122. Bisset, L. et al. (2006) Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow. BMJ, 333(7575), pp.939–944. [Site reference item 147].
  123. van der Windt, D.A. et al. (2023) Frozen shoulder. BMJ, 380, e072534. [Site reference item 148].
  124. Kelley, M.J. et al. (2013) Shoulder pain and mobility deficits: adhesive capsulitis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 43(5), A1–A31. [Site reference item 149].
  125. Bunzli, S. et al. (2017) Beliefs underlying pain-related fear and how they evolve. Pain, 158(6), pp.956–964. [Site reference item 153].
  126. Steuri, R. et al. (2017) Effectiveness of conservative interventions including exercise, manual therapy and medical management in adults with shoulder impingement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(18), pp.1340–1347. [Site reference item 158].
  127. Reiman, M.P. and Thorborg, K. (2015) Femoroacetabular impingement surgery is on the rise, but what is the next step? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(12), pp.758–759. [Site reference item 159].
  128. Grimaldi, A. and Fearon, A. (2015) Gluteal tendinopathy: integrating pathomechanics and clinical features. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(11), pp.910–922. [Site reference item 160].
  129. Crossley, K.M. et al. (2016) Patellofemoral pain consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(14), pp.839–843. [Site reference item 161].
  130. Collins, N.J. et al. (2018) 2018 consensus statement on exercise therapy and physical interventions for patellofemoral pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(18), pp.1170–1178. [Site reference item 162].
  131. Khan, K.M. and Scott, A. (2009) Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists’ prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(4), pp.247–252. [Site reference item 163].
  132. Docking, S.I. and Cook, J. (2019) Tendinopathy: is imaging telling us the entire story? Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 49(10), pp.672–675. [Site reference item 164].
  133. Brukner, P. and Khan, K. (2017) Clinical Sports Medicine. 5th edn. Sydney: McGraw-Hill. [Site reference item 165].
  134. Cook, J.L. and Purdam, C.R. (2009) Is tendon pathology a continuum? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(6), pp.409–416. [Site reference item 166].
  135. O’Neill, S., Watson, P.J. and Barry, S. (2015) Why are eccentric exercises effective for Achilles tendinopathy? International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(4), pp.552–562. [Site reference item 167].
  136. Scott, A. et al. (2015) Sports and exercise-related tendinopathies: a review of selected topical issues. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(9), pp.536–544. [Site reference item 168].
  137. Khan, K.M. et al. (2002) Time to abandon the “tendinitis” myth. BMJ, 324(7338), pp.626–627. [Site reference item 169].
  138. Naranje, S.M. et al. (2015) Iliotibial band syndrome. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 8(3), pp.352–358. [Site reference item 171].
  139. Matzkin, E.G. et al. (2019) Diagnosis and treatment of common knee injuries. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 27(7), pp.226–234. [Site reference item 172].
  140. Maffulli, N. et al. (2020) Current concepts review: insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Foot and Ankle International, 41(5), pp.556–568. [Site reference item 173].
  141. Bianchi, S. and Martinoli, C. (2007) Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System. Berlin: Springer. [Site reference item 174].
  142. Jacobson, J.A. (2018) Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier. [Site reference item 175].
  143. Beggs, I. et al. (2012) Musculoskeletal ultrasound technical guidelines. Insights into Imaging, 3(6), pp.685–692. [Site reference item 176].
  144. Finnoff, J.T. et al. (2015) American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(3), pp.145–150. [Site reference item 177].
  145. Daniels, E.W. et al. (2018) Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided intra-articular injection. PM&R, 10(8), pp.847–856. [Site reference item 178].
  146. Sibbitt, W.L. et al. (2011) Does sonographic needle guidance affect injection outcome? Journal of Rheumatology, 38(2), pp.340–347. [Site reference item 179].
  147. Hegedus, E.J. et al. (2015) Physical examination tests of the shoulder: systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(20), pp.1311–1321. [Site reference item 180].
  148. Smart, K.M. et al. (2012) Mechanisms-based classifications of musculoskeletal pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 28(6), pp.525–535. [Site reference item 183].
  149. Babatunde, O.O. et al. (2017) Comparative effectiveness of treatment options for plantar heel pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(3), pp.182–194. [Site reference item 185].
  150. Speed, C. (2014) A systematic review of shockwave therapies in soft tissue conditions. Clinical Rehabilitation, 28(12), pp.1156–1169. [Site reference item 186].
  151. Bliddal, H. et al. (2024) Effectiveness and safety of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 16, 1–13. [Site reference item 187].
  152. Conaghan, P.G. et al. (2018) A multicentre, randomised trial of a single intra-articular injection of non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26(8), pp.1050–1057. [Site reference item 188].
  153. McCabe, P.S. et al. (2016) Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7), CD005328. [Site reference item 189].
  154. Jüni, P. et al. (2015) Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(3), pp.180–191. [Site reference item 190].
  155. Kongsgaard, M. et al. (2009) Corticosteroid injections, eccentric decline squat training and heavy slow resistance for patellar tendinopathy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(6), pp.790–802. [Site reference item 191].
  156. Malliaras, P. et al. (2013) Achilles and patellar tendinopathy loading programmes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(4), pp.209–215. [Site reference item 192].
  157. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline NG226. [Site reference item 193].
  158. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2021) Chronic pain in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain. NICE guideline NG193. [Site reference item 195].
  159. Hunter, D.J. and Bierma-Zeinstra, S. (2019) Osteoarthritis. Lancet, 393(10182), pp.1745–1759. [Site reference item 196].
  160. Bannuru, R.R. et al. (2019) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 27(11), pp.1578–1589. [Site reference item 197].
  161. Kolasinski, S.L. et al. (2020) 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care & Research, 72(2), pp.149–162. [Site reference item 198].
  162. McAlindon, T.E. et al. (2017) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 25(11), pp.1889–1904. [Site reference item 199].
  163. Lin, I. et al. (2020) What does best practice care for musculoskeletal pain look like? Ten principles from a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(2), pp.79–86. [Site reference item 200].
  164. Cottrell, M.A. et al. (2021) Exercise therapy for lower limb tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 51(9), pp.1915–1940. [Site reference item 201].
  165. Martin, R.L. et al. (2024) Achilles pain, stiffness and muscle power deficits: midportion Achilles tendinopathy revision. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(12), CPG1–CPG32. [Site reference item 202].
  166. Mellor, R. et al. (2018) Exercise and load modification versus corticosteroid injection versus wait and see for gluteal tendinopathy. BMJ, 361, k1662. [Site reference item 203].
  167. Hopkins, C. et al. (2024) Plantar heel pain and fasciopathy revision clinical practice guideline. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(1), CPG1–CPG58. [Site reference item 204].
  168. Littlewood, C. et al. (2019) Rotator cuff disorders: a synthesis of systematic reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(20), pp.1244–1250. [Site reference item 205].
  169. Lewis, J. (2016) Rotator cuff related shoulder pain: assessment, management and uncertainties. Manual Therapy, 23, pp.57–68. [Site reference item 206].
  170. Page, M.J. et al. (2014) Manual therapy and exercise for rotator cuff disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6), CD012224. [Site reference item 207].
  171. Virta, L. et al. (2012) Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 13, 179. [Site reference item 208].
  172. Lucado, A.M. et al. (2022) Lateral elbow pain and muscle function impairments: clinical practice guideline. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 52(12), CPG1–CPG111. [Site reference item 209].
  173. Coombes, B.K., Bisset, L. and Vicenzino, B. (2015) Management of lateral elbow tendinopathy: one size does not fit all. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(11), pp.938–949. [Site reference item 210].
  174. Bisset, L. et al. (2006) Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow. BMJ, 333(7575), pp.939–944. [Site reference item 211].
  175. van der Windt, D.A. et al. (2023) Frozen shoulder. BMJ, 380, e072534. [Site reference item 212].
  176. Kelley, M.J. et al. (2013) Shoulder pain and mobility deficits: adhesive capsulitis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 43(5), A1–A31. [Site reference item 213].
  177. Bunzli, S. et al. (2017) Beliefs underlying pain-related fear and how they evolve. Pain, 158(6), pp.956–964. [Site reference item 217].
  178. Steuri, R. et al. (2017) Effectiveness of conservative interventions including exercise, manual therapy and medical management in adults with shoulder impingement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(18), pp.1340–1347. [Site reference item 222].
  179. Reiman, M.P. and Thorborg, K. (2015) Femoroacetabular impingement surgery is on the rise, but what is the next step? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(12), pp.758–759. [Site reference item 223].
  180. Grimaldi, A. and Fearon, A. (2015) Gluteal tendinopathy: integrating pathomechanics and clinical features. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(11), pp.910–922. [Site reference item 224].
  181. Crossley, K.M. et al. (2016) Patellofemoral pain consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(14), pp.839–843. [Site reference item 225].
  182. Collins, N.J. et al. (2018) 2018 consensus statement on exercise therapy and physical interventions for patellofemoral pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(18), pp.1170–1178. [Site reference item 226].
  183. Khan, K.M. and Scott, A. (2009) Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists’ prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(4), pp.247–252. [Site reference item 227].
  184. Docking, S.I. and Cook, J. (2019) Tendinopathy: is imaging telling us the entire story? Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 49(10), pp.672–675. [Site reference item 228].
  185. Brukner, P. and Khan, K. (2017) Clinical Sports Medicine. 5th edn. Sydney: McGraw-Hill. [Site reference item 229].
  186. Cook, J.L. and Purdam, C.R. (2009) Is tendon pathology a continuum? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(6), pp.409–416. [Site reference item 230].
  187. O’Neill, S., Watson, P.J. and Barry, S. (2015) Why are eccentric exercises effective for Achilles tendinopathy? International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(4), pp.552–562. [Site reference item 231].
  188. Scott, A. et al. (2015) Sports and exercise-related tendinopathies: a review of selected topical issues. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(9), pp.536–544. [Site reference item 232].
  189. Khan, K.M. et al. (2002) Time to abandon the “tendinitis” myth. BMJ, 324(7338), pp.626–627. [Site reference item 233].
  190. Naranje, S.M. et al. (2015) Iliotibial band syndrome. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 8(3), pp.352–358. [Site reference item 235].
  191. Matzkin, E.G. et al. (2019) Diagnosis and treatment of common knee injuries. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 27(7), pp.226–234. [Site reference item 236].
  192. Maffulli, N. et al. (2020) Current concepts review: insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Foot and Ankle International, 41(5), pp.556–568. [Site reference item 237].
  193. Bianchi, S. and Martinoli, C. (2007) Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System. Berlin: Springer. [Site reference item 238].
  194. Jacobson, J.A. (2018) Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier. [Site reference item 239].
  195. Beggs, I. et al. (2012) Musculoskeletal ultrasound technical guidelines. Insights into Imaging, 3(6), pp.685–692. [Site reference item 240].
  196. Finnoff, J.T. et al. (2015) American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(3), pp.145–150. [Site reference item 241].
  197. Daniels, E.W. et al. (2018) Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided intra-articular injection. PM&R, 10(8), pp.847–856. [Site reference item 242].
  198. Sibbitt, W.L. et al. (2011) Does sonographic needle guidance affect injection outcome? Journal of Rheumatology, 38(2), pp.340–347. [Site reference item 243].
  199. Hegedus, E.J. et al. (2015) Physical examination tests of the shoulder: systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(20), pp.1311–1321. [Site reference item 244].
  200. Smart, K.M. et al. (2012) Mechanisms-based classifications of musculoskeletal pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 28(6), pp.525–535. [Site reference item 247].
  201. Babatunde, O.O. et al. (2017) Comparative effectiveness of treatment options for plantar heel pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(3), pp.182–194. [Site reference item 249].
  202. Speed, C. (2014) A systematic review of shockwave therapies in soft tissue conditions. Clinical Rehabilitation, 28(12), pp.1156–1169. [Site reference item 250].
  203. Bliddal, H. et al. (2024) Effectiveness and safety of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 16, 1–13. [Site reference item 251].
  204. Conaghan, P.G. et al. (2018) A multicentre, randomised trial of a single intra-articular injection of non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26(8), pp.1050–1057. [Site reference item 252].
  205. McCabe, P.S. et al. (2016) Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7), CD005328. [Site reference item 253].
  206. Jüni, P. et al. (2015) Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(3), pp.180–191. [Site reference item 254].
  207. Kongsgaard, M. et al. (2009) Corticosteroid injections, eccentric decline squat training and heavy slow resistance for patellar tendinopathy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(6), pp.790–802. [Site reference item 255].
  208. Malliaras, P. et al. (2013) Achilles and patellar tendinopathy loading programmes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(4), pp.209–215. [Site reference item 256].
  209. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline NG226. [Site reference item 257].
  210. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2021) Chronic pain in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain. NICE guideline NG193. [Site reference item 259].
  211. Hunter, D.J. and Bierma-Zeinstra, S. (2019) Osteoarthritis. Lancet, 393(10182), pp.1745–1759. [Site reference item 260].
  212. Bannuru, R.R. et al. (2019) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 27(11), pp.1578–1589. [Site reference item 261].
  213. Kolasinski, S.L. et al. (2020) 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care & Research, 72(2), pp.149–162. [Site reference item 262].
  214. McAlindon, T.E. et al. (2017) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 25(11), pp.1889–1904. [Site reference item 263].
  215. Lin, I. et al. (2020) What does best practice care for musculoskeletal pain look like? Ten principles from a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(2), pp.79–86. [Site reference item 264].
  216. Cottrell, M.A. et al. (2021) Exercise therapy for lower limb tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 51(9), pp.1915–1940. [Site reference item 265].
  217. Martin, R.L. et al. (2024) Achilles pain, stiffness and muscle power deficits: midportion Achilles tendinopathy revision. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(12), CPG1–CPG32. [Site reference item 266].
  218. Mellor, R. et al. (2018) Exercise and load modification versus corticosteroid injection versus wait and see for gluteal tendinopathy. BMJ, 361, k1662. [Site reference item 267].
  219. Hopkins, C. et al. (2024) Plantar heel pain and fasciopathy revision clinical practice guideline. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(1), CPG1–CPG58. [Site reference item 268].
  220. Littlewood, C. et al. (2019) Rotator cuff disorders: a synthesis of systematic reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(20), pp.1244–1250. [Site reference item 269].
  221. Lewis, J. (2016) Rotator cuff related shoulder pain: assessment, management and uncertainties. Manual Therapy, 23, pp.57–68. [Site reference item 270].
  222. Page, M.J. et al. (2014) Manual therapy and exercise for rotator cuff disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6), CD012224. [Site reference item 271].
  223. Virta, L. et al. (2012) Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 13, 179. [Site reference item 272].
  224. Lucado, A.M. et al. (2022) Lateral elbow pain and muscle function impairments: clinical practice guideline. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 52(12), CPG1–CPG111. [Site reference item 273].
  225. Coombes, B.K., Bisset, L. and Vicenzino, B. (2015) Management of lateral elbow tendinopathy: one size does not fit all. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(11), pp.938–949. [Site reference item 274].
  226. Bisset, L. et al. (2006) Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow. BMJ, 333(7575), pp.939–944. [Site reference item 275].
  227. van der Windt, D.A. et al. (2023) Frozen shoulder. BMJ, 380, e072534. [Site reference item 276].
  228. Kelley, M.J. et al. (2013) Shoulder pain and mobility deficits: adhesive capsulitis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 43(5), A1–A31. [Site reference item 277].
  229. Bunzli, S. et al. (2017) Beliefs underlying pain-related fear and how they evolve. Pain, 158(6), pp.956–964. [Site reference item 281].
  230. Steuri, R. et al. (2017) Effectiveness of conservative interventions including exercise, manual therapy and medical management in adults with shoulder impingement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(18), pp.1340–1347. [Site reference item 286].
  231. Reiman, M.P. and Thorborg, K. (2015) Femoroacetabular impingement surgery is on the rise, but what is the next step? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(12), pp.758–759. [Site reference item 287].
  232. Grimaldi, A. and Fearon, A. (2015) Gluteal tendinopathy: integrating pathomechanics and clinical features. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(11), pp.910–922. [Site reference item 288].
  233. Crossley, K.M. et al. (2016) Patellofemoral pain consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(14), pp.839–843. [Site reference item 289].
  234. Collins, N.J. et al. (2018) 2018 consensus statement on exercise therapy and physical interventions for patellofemoral pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(18), pp.1170–1178. [Site reference item 290].
  235. Khan, K.M. and Scott, A. (2009) Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists’ prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(4), pp.247–252. [Site reference item 291].
  236. Docking, S.I. and Cook, J. (2019) Tendinopathy: is imaging telling us the entire story? Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 49(10), pp.672–675. [Site reference item 292].
  237. Brukner, P. and Khan, K. (2017) Clinical Sports Medicine. 5th edn. Sydney: McGraw-Hill. [Site reference item 293].
  238. Cook, J.L. and Purdam, C.R. (2009) Is tendon pathology a continuum? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(6), pp.409–416. [Site reference item 294].
  239. O’Neill, S., Watson, P.J. and Barry, S. (2015) Why are eccentric exercises effective for Achilles tendinopathy? International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(4), pp.552–562. [Site reference item 295].
  240. Scott, A. et al. (2015) Sports and exercise-related tendinopathies: a review of selected topical issues. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(9), pp.536–544. [Site reference item 296].
  241. Khan, K.M. et al. (2002) Time to abandon the “tendinitis” myth. BMJ, 324(7338), pp.626–627. [Site reference item 297].
  242. Naranje, S.M. et al. (2015) Iliotibial band syndrome. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 8(3), pp.352–358. [Site reference item 299].
  243. Matzkin, E.G. et al. (2019) Diagnosis and treatment of common knee injuries. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 27(7), pp.226–234. [Site reference item 300].
  244. Maffulli, N. et al. (2020) Current concepts review: insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Foot and Ankle International, 41(5), pp.556–568. [Site reference item 301].
  245. Bianchi, S. and Martinoli, C. (2007) Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System. Berlin: Springer. [Site reference item 302].
  246. Jacobson, J.A. (2018) Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier. [Site reference item 303].
  247. Beggs, I. et al. (2012) Musculoskeletal ultrasound technical guidelines. Insights into Imaging, 3(6), pp.685–692. [Site reference item 304].
  248. Finnoff, J.T. et al. (2015) American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(3), pp.145–150. [Site reference item 305].
  249. Daniels, E.W. et al. (2018) Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided intra-articular injection. PM&R, 10(8), pp.847–856. [Site reference item 306].
  250. Sibbitt, W.L. et al. (2011) Does sonographic needle guidance affect injection outcome? Journal of Rheumatology, 38(2), pp.340–347. [Site reference item 307].
  251. Hegedus, E.J. et al. (2015) Physical examination tests of the shoulder: systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(20), pp.1311–1321. [Site reference item 308].
  252. Smart, K.M. et al. (2012) Mechanisms-based classifications of musculoskeletal pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 28(6), pp.525–535. [Site reference item 311].
  253. Babatunde, O.O. et al. (2017) Comparative effectiveness of treatment options for plantar heel pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(3), pp.182–194. [Site reference item 313].
  254. Speed, C. (2014) A systematic review of shockwave therapies in soft tissue conditions. Clinical Rehabilitation, 28(12), pp.1156–1169. [Site reference item 314].
  255. Bliddal, H. et al. (2024) Effectiveness and safety of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 16, 1–13. [Site reference item 315].
  256. Conaghan, P.G. et al. (2018) A multicentre, randomised trial of a single intra-articular injection of non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26(8), pp.1050–1057. [Site reference item 316].
  257. McCabe, P.S. et al. (2016) Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7), CD005328. [Site reference item 317].
  258. Jüni, P. et al. (2015) Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(3), pp.180–191. [Site reference item 318].
  259. Kongsgaard, M. et al. (2009) Corticosteroid injections, eccentric decline squat training and heavy slow resistance for patellar tendinopathy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(6), pp.790–802. [Site reference item 319].
  260. Malliaras, P. et al. (2013) Achilles and patellar tendinopathy loading programmes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(4), pp.209–215. [Site reference item 320].
  261. Javed, S., Sadozai, Z. and Schmitgen, G. et al. (2017) Should all acromioclavicular joint injections be performed under image guidance? Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1177/2309499017731633
  262. Menge, T.J., Boykin, R.E., Bushnell, B.D. et al. (2014) Acromioclavicular osteoarthritis: a common cause of shoulder pain. Southern Medical Journal, 107(5), pp.324–329.
  263. Mall, N.A., Foley, E., Chalmers, P.N. et al. (2013) Degenerative joint disease of the acromioclavicular joint: a review. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(11), pp.2684–2692.
  264. Tallia, A. and Cardone, D. (2003) Diagnostic and therapeutic injection of the shoulder region. American Family Physician, 67, pp.1271–1278.
  265. Peck, E., Lai, J.K., Pawlina, W. et al. (2010) Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus palpation-guided acromioclavicular joint injections: a cadaveric study. PM&R, 2(9), pp.817–821.
  266. Stine, I.A. and Vangsness, C.T. (2009) Analysis of the capsule and ligament insertions about the acromioclavicular joint: a cadaveric study. Arthroscopy, 25, pp.968–974.
  267. Bain, G.I., van Riet, R.P., Gooi, C. et al. (2007) The long-term efficacy of corticosteroid injection into the acromioclavicular joint using a dynamic fluoroscopic method. International Journal of Shoulder Surgery, 1, pp.104–107.
  268. Sabeti-Aschraf, M., Lemmerhofer, B., Lang, S. et al. (2011) Ultrasound guidance improves the accuracy of the acromioclavicular joint infiltration: a prospective randomized study. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 19, pp.292–299.

Glenohumeral and shoulder injection research: 15 additional references

Additional frozen shoulder and glenohumeral injection research

The 2016 randomised study evaluated a hanging, internally rotated arm position as an alternative during posterior ultrasound-guided glenohumeral steroid injection in 42 people with adhesive capsulitis. It addresses procedural feasibility and positioning; it does not establish that this position is clinically superior for all patients. Other studies examine hydrodilatation, corticosteroid injections and injection placement. These studies vary in design and should not be interpreted as proof of superior long-term outcomes from ultrasound guidance.

  1. Lee, C.H., Nam, H.S. and Lee, S.U. (2016) “Usefulness of a hanging position with internal rotation of shoulder in ultrasonography-guided intra-articular steroid injection for adhesive capsulitis”, Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40(3), pp. 520–527. Research source
  2. Shah, N. and Lewis, M. (2007) “Shoulder adhesive capsulitis: systematic review of randomised trials using multiple corticosteroid injections”, British Journal of General Practice, 57, pp. 662–667. Research source
  3. Park, K.D. et al. (2012) “Comparison of sono-guided capsular distension with fluoroscopically guided capsular distension in adhesive capsulitis of shoulder”, Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 36, pp. 88–97. Research source
  4. Tveitå, E.K. et al. (2008) “Hydrodilatation, corticosteroids and adhesive capsulitis: a randomized controlled trial”, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9, article 53. Research source
  5. Arslan, S. and Çeliker, R. (2001) “Comparison of the efficacy of local corticosteroid injection and physical therapy for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis”, Rheumatology International, 21, pp. 20–23. Research source
  6. Tobola, A. et al. (2011) “Accuracy of glenohumeral joint injections: comparing approach and experience of provider”, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 20, pp. 1147–1154. Research source
  7. Zwar, R.B., Read, J.W. and Noakes, J.B. (2004) “Sonographically guided glenohumeral joint injection”, AJR American Journal of Roentgenology, 183, pp. 48–50. Research source

Reference reconciliation audit: inventory, source locations and potential overlaps. Counts are provisional pending bibliographic validation.